With the introduction of the first wax pellet thermostat in 1936 to the MAP controlled thermostat introduced in the mid-1990s, engine coolant components have evolved dramatically over the last 80 years. Cast iron has been phased out of use since it easily rusts and has been replaced by aluminum, steel and high quality plastics. From simple water outlets that hold the thermostat in place to integrated and MAP controlled thermostats that include the thermostat in the assembly, the complexity of these parts has also increased.